THE MEDIATING ROLE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUBJECTIVE PERCEPTION OF STRESS AND LIFE SATISFACTION
Keywords:
life satisfaction, subjective well-being, psychological capital, perception of stress, mediator analysis
Abstract
Purpose of the work was to investigate the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between subjective perceptions of stress and person’s life satisfaction.
Methods. Psycho-diagnostic methods “Stress Perception Scale-10”, “Psychological Capital”, “Life Satisfaction Scale” were used. Statistical analysis included calculation of descriptive statistics, correlations between variables (r-Pearson), finding differences between samples (ANOVA) and mediator analysis.
Results. On the basis of a cross-sectional research of a sample of 460 people, the hypothesis that life satisfaction negatively correlates with the level of subjective perception of stress and positively with psychological capital was confirmed. Subjective perception of stress, in turn, negatively correlates with psychological capital. The hypothesis of the mediating role of psychological capital was partially confirmed, as the relationship between the perception of personal stress and life satisfaction remained statistically significant, although it decreased after psychological capital was added as a mediator. This result indicates that the cognitive assessment of stressors remains an important variable for predicting life satisfaction, even when regulating dispositional characteristics. Psychological capital as an integral personal resource is by a third statistically significant in determining the relationship between person’s perception of stress and life satisfaction. Affecting directly, subjective perception of stress explains 18.9% of the life satisfaction variance; at the same time the model mediated by psychological capital adds another 8.6%.
Conclusion. Psychological capital is one of the integral personal resources, which provides a mechanism of response, processing and recovery from stressors, supporting the subjective well-being. It explains a third of the variance of the relationship between subjective perception of stress and life satisfaction. Psychological capital provides a partial mediating effect when people encounter stressors to maintain their well-being.
References
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33. Lucas R.E. Exploring the associations between personality and subjective well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
34. Luhmann M., Intelisano S. Hedonic adaptation and the set point for subjective well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City. 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
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39. Lynn R., Tara P., Adama B., Heather B., Natasha S. An Intervention to Enhance Psychological Capital and Health Outcomes in Homeless Female Youths. West J. Nurs. Res. 2016. Vol. 39. P. 356–373.
40. Lyubomirsky S., Tucker K.L. Implications of individual differences in subjective happiness for perceiving, interpreting, and thinking about life events. Motivation and Emotion. 1998. Vol. 22. P. 155–186.
41. Margolis S., Lyubomirsky S. Cognitive outlooks and well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City. 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
42. Newman A., Nielsen I., Smyth R., Hirst G. Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in the Relationship between Social Support and Wellbeing of Refugees. International Migration. 2018. Vol. 56. P. 117–132.
43. Pathak D., Joshi G. Impact of psychological capital and life satisfaction on organizational resilience during COVID-19: Indian tourism insights. Current Issues in Tourism. 2020. P. 1–18.
44. Rabenu E., Yaniv E., Elizur D. The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. Current Psychology. 2017. Vol. 36(4). P. 875–87.
45. Robinson M.D., Compton, R.J. The happy mind in action: The cognitive basis of subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.). The science of subjective well-being. New York : The Guilford Press. 2008. P. 220–238.
46. Robinson M.D., Klein R.J. What do subjective well-being judgments mean? Sources and distinctions, processes and mechanisms. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City. 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
47. Salanova M. Ortega-Maldonado A. Psychological Capital Development in Organizations: An Integrative Review of Evidence-Based Intervention Programs. Positive Psychological Intervention Design and Protocols for Multi-Cultural Contexts. 2019. P. 81–102.
48. Santisi G, Lodi E, Magnano P, Zarbo R, Zammitti A. Relationship between Psychological Capital and Quality of Life: The Role of Courage. Sustainability. 2020. Vol. 12(13):5238.
49. Shang Guan C.Y, Li Y, Ma H.L. The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital on the Association between Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction among Township Cadres in a Specific Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017. Vol. 14(9):972.
50. Tov W. Well-being concepts and components. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City. 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
51. Vîrgă D, Baciu E-L, Lazăr T-A, Lupșa D. Psychological Capital Protects Social Workers from Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress. Sustainability. 2020. Vol. 12(6):2246.
52. Wang Z., Liu H., Yu H., Wu Y., Chang Sh., Wang L. Associations between occupational stress, burnout and well-being among manufacturing workers: Mediating roles of psychological capital and self-esteem. BMC Psychiatry. 2017. Vol. 17(1):364.
53. Yim H.Y., Seo H.J., Cho Y., Kim J.H. Mediating role of psychological capital in relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention among nurses at veterans administration hospitals in Korea. Asian Nursing Research. 2017. Vol. 11(1), P. 6–12.
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2. Овчинникова (Мандрикова) Е.Ю., Чайка Е.Ю., Осин Е.Н. Опыт диагностики психологического капитала. Психологическая диагностика. 2015. № 4. С. 15–25.
3. Олефір В.О. Вплив сприйманого стресу на задоволеність життям: медіаторна роль самоефективності. Матеріали Норвезько-Української конференції, присвяченої діяльності Ф. Нансена в Україні у 1921–1922 роках. Харків : ХНУ ім. В.Н. Каразіна. 2019. URL: http://dspace.univer.kharkov.ua/handle/123456789/15023 (дата звернення: 20.02.2021).
4. Осин Е.Н., Леонтьев Д.А. Краткие русскоязычные шкалы диагностики субъективного благополучия: психометрические характеристики и сравнительный анализ. Мониторинг общественного мнения : Экономические и социальные перемены. 2020. № 1. С. 17–42.
5. Рассказова Е.И., Леонтьев Д.А., Лебедева А.А. Пандемия как вызов субъективному благополучию: тревога и совладание. Консультативная психология и психотерапия. 2020. Том 28. № 2. С. 90–108.
6. Любомирски С. Психология счастья. Новый подход. ООО Издательство «Питер», 2014. 352 с.
7. Anusic I., Schimmack U. Stability and change of personality traits, self-esteem, and well-being: Introducing the meta-analytic stability and change model of retest correlations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2016. Vol. 110, P. 766–781.
8. Argyle M. Causes and correlates of happiness. In D. Kahneman, E. Diener, N. Schwarz (Eds.). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York : Russell Sage Foundation. 1999. P. 353–373.
9. Asheghi H., Asheghi M., Hesari M. Mediation Role of Psychological Capital Between Job Stress, Burnout, and Mental Health Among Nurses. Practice in Clinical Psychology. 2020. Vol. 8(2), P. 99–108.
10. Avey J.B., Luthans F., Jensen, S.M. Psychological capital: A positive resource for combating employee stress and turnover. Human Resource Management. 2009. Vol. 48(5), P. 677–693.
11. Bajwa J, Abai M, Couto S, Kidd S, Dibavar A, McKenzie K. Psychological capital and life satisfaction of refugees in Canada: Evidence from a community-based educational support program. Journal of Community Psychol. 2019. Vol. 47(3). P. 504–516.
12. Baron R.M., Kenny D.A. The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1986. Vol. 51(6). P. 1173–1182.
13. Basinska B.A., Rozkwitalska M. Psychological capital and happiness at work: The mediating role of employee thriving in multinational corporations. Curr Psychol. 2020. P. 1–14.
14. Bockorny K., Youssef-Morgan C.M Entrepreneurs’ Courage, Psychological Capital, and Life Satisfaction. Front. Psychol. 2019. Vol. 10:789.
15. Brickman P., Coates D., Janoff-Bulman R. Lottery winners and accident victims: Is happiness relative? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1978. Vol. 36. P. 917–927.
16. Çelik M. The effect of psychological capital level of employees on workplace stress and employee turnover intention. Innovar. 2018. Vol. 28(68). P. 67–75.
17. Chow P.I. Psychology therapies and interventions that raise subjective well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City. 2018. UT : DEF Publishers. DOI:nobascholar.com.
18. Cox Т., Маскау С.J. A transactional approach to occupational stress. In: Corlett E.N. & Richardson J (eds). Stress, Work Design and Productivity. 1981. P. 10–34.
19. Da S, He Y, Zhang X. Effectiveness of Psychological Capital Intervention and Its Influence on Work-Related Attitudes: Daily Online Self-Learning Method and Randomized Controlled Trial Design. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020. Vol. 17(23):8754.
20. Dello Russo S., Stoykova P. Psychological Capital Intervention (PCI): A Replication and Extension. Human Resource Development Quarterly. 2015. Vol. 26(3). P. 329–347.
21. DePasquale C.E., Gunnar M.R. Stress, development, and well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.).Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City, 2018. UT: DEF Publishers.
22. Diener E. Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin. 1984. Vol. 95(3). P. 542–575.
23. Diener E., Suh, E.M., Lucas R.E., Smith H.L. Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin. 1999. Vol. 125. P. 276–302.
24. Geerling, D.M., Diener, E. Effect Size Strengths in Subjective Well-Being Research. Applied Research Quality Life. 2020. Vol. 15. P. 167–185.
25. Gilbert D.T., Pinel E.C., Wilson T.D., Blumberg S.J., Wheatley T.P. Immune neglect: A source of durability bias in affective forecasting. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998. Vol. 75. P. 617–638.
26. Hayes A.F., Rockwood N.J. Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and implementation. Behav. Res. Ther. 2017. Vol. 98. P. 39–57.
27. Heinitz K., Lorenz T., Schulze D., Schorlemmer J. Positive organizational behavior: Longitudinal effects on subjectivewell-being. PLoS ONE. 2018. Vol. 13:e0198588.
28. Hernández-Varas E, Labrador Encinas F.J, Méndez Suárez M. Psychological capital, work satisfaction and health self-perception as predictors of psychological wellbeing in military personnel. Psicothema. 2019. Vol. 31(3). P. 277–283.
29. Kim S, Kweon Y. Psychological Capital Mediates the Association between Job Stress and Burnout of among Korean Psychiatric Nurses. Healthcare. 2020. Vol. 8(3):199.
30. Lazarus R.S, Folkman S. Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer, 1984. 456 р.
31. Lee J., Kim E., Wachholtz A. The effect of perceived stress on life satisfaction : The mediating effect of self-efficacy. Chongsonyonhak yongu. 2016. Vol. 23(10). P. 29–47.
32. Li X., Kan D., Liu L., Shi M., Wang Y., Yang X., et al. The mediating role of psychological capital on the association between occupational stress and job burnout among bank employees in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2015. Vol. 12(3). P. 2984–3001.
33. Lucas R.E. Exploring the associations between personality and subjective well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
34. Luhmann M., Intelisano S. Hedonic adaptation and the set point for subjective well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City. 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
35. Luthans F., Youssef-Morgan C.M., Avolio B.J. Psychological Capital and Beyond. NY: Oxford University Press, 2015.
36. Luthans F., Youssef C.M., Sweetman D.S., Harms P.D. Meeting the leadership challenge of employee well-being through relationship PsyCap and health PsyCap. J. Leadersh. Organ. Stud. 2013. Vol. 20. P. 114–129.
37. Luthans F. Broad J. Positive psychological capital to help combat the mental health fallout from the pandemic and VUCA environment. Organizational Dynamics. 2020. Vol. 100817.
38. Luthans F., Youssef-Morgan Carolyn M. Psychological Capital: An Evidence-Based Positive Approach. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior. 2017. Vol. 4(1). P. 339–366.
39. Lynn R., Tara P., Adama B., Heather B., Natasha S. An Intervention to Enhance Psychological Capital and Health Outcomes in Homeless Female Youths. West J. Nurs. Res. 2016. Vol. 39. P. 356–373.
40. Lyubomirsky S., Tucker K.L. Implications of individual differences in subjective happiness for perceiving, interpreting, and thinking about life events. Motivation and Emotion. 1998. Vol. 22. P. 155–186.
41. Margolis S., Lyubomirsky S. Cognitive outlooks and well-being. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City. 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
42. Newman A., Nielsen I., Smyth R., Hirst G. Mediating Role of Psychological Capital in the Relationship between Social Support and Wellbeing of Refugees. International Migration. 2018. Vol. 56. P. 117–132.
43. Pathak D., Joshi G. Impact of psychological capital and life satisfaction on organizational resilience during COVID-19: Indian tourism insights. Current Issues in Tourism. 2020. P. 1–18.
44. Rabenu E., Yaniv E., Elizur D. The relationship between psychological capital, coping with stress, well-being, and performance. Current Psychology. 2017. Vol. 36(4). P. 875–87.
45. Robinson M.D., Compton, R.J. The happy mind in action: The cognitive basis of subjective well-being. In M. Eid & R. J. Larsen (Eds.). The science of subjective well-being. New York : The Guilford Press. 2008. P. 220–238.
46. Robinson M.D., Klein R.J. What do subjective well-being judgments mean? Sources and distinctions, processes and mechanisms. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City. 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
47. Salanova M. Ortega-Maldonado A. Psychological Capital Development in Organizations: An Integrative Review of Evidence-Based Intervention Programs. Positive Psychological Intervention Design and Protocols for Multi-Cultural Contexts. 2019. P. 81–102.
48. Santisi G, Lodi E, Magnano P, Zarbo R, Zammitti A. Relationship between Psychological Capital and Quality of Life: The Role of Courage. Sustainability. 2020. Vol. 12(13):5238.
49. Shang Guan C.Y, Li Y, Ma H.L. The Mediating Role of Psychological Capital on the Association between Occupational Stress and Job Satisfaction among Township Cadres in a Specific Province of China: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017. Vol. 14(9):972.
50. Tov W. Well-being concepts and components. In E. Diener, S. Oishi, & L. Tay (Eds.). Handbook of well-being. Salt Lake City. 2018. UT : DEF Publishers.
51. Vîrgă D, Baciu E-L, Lazăr T-A, Lupșa D. Psychological Capital Protects Social Workers from Burnout and Secondary Traumatic Stress. Sustainability. 2020. Vol. 12(6):2246.
52. Wang Z., Liu H., Yu H., Wu Y., Chang Sh., Wang L. Associations between occupational stress, burnout and well-being among manufacturing workers: Mediating roles of psychological capital and self-esteem. BMC Psychiatry. 2017. Vol. 17(1):364.
53. Yim H.Y., Seo H.J., Cho Y., Kim J.H. Mediating role of psychological capital in relationship between occupational stress and turnover intention among nurses at veterans administration hospitals in Korea. Asian Nursing Research. 2017. Vol. 11(1), P. 6–12.
54. Youssef-Morgan C.M., Petersen K. The benefits of developing psychological capital in the workplace. Creating Psychologically Healthy Workplaces. eds Burke and Richardsen (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar). 2019. P. 113–132.
Published
2021-06-08
Pages
38-49
Section
SECTION 1 GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGY OF PERSONALITY
