THE VALUE OF THE METHODOLOGY OF A COMPLEX PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE MENTAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

Abstract

The article presents a generalized method of diagnosis of a comprehensive study of children with cerebral palsy for the purpose of further mental development of impaired functions. The purpose of the study is comprehensive diagnosis of mental development of children with cerebral palsy. Methods. The study summarizes the diagnostic methods, the authors of which are N.M. Stadenko, P.D. Ilyashenko, as well as S.D. Zabramna and T.N. Golovin. The results. An important feature of elementary school students is the individual rate of development and organization of the cortex of the cerebral hemispheres. Children with developmental delays experience learning difficulties. The consequence of such underdevelopment is the instability of indicators of the functioning of the cortex of the large hemispheres. In some children, upon entering school and starting education, the functional state of the cortex of the large hemispheres is stabilized and prerequisites are created for the transition of the perception system to a new functional level. This is usually due to a selective increase in the receptive field in the temporal-parietal-occipital lobes. Such development causes complex operations that take place in the brain and include memory traces. Conclusion. Reconstruction of neurophysiological mechanisms in elementary school age makes it possible to consider the stages of ontogenesis as a sensitive period that forms the basis for cognitive activity. Peculiarities of cognitive activity at this stage of development are determined by the specifics of brain organization of attention, which undergoes a number of changes. It was established that during the diagnosis, not only the most serious gaps in knowledge, which are so necessary for the further education of the child, are revealed, but also the level of mastery of intellectual operations and skills is established, as well as the possibilities of their assimilation and application in the appropriate conditions, that is, to find out the degree of learnability children. In children, in parallel with the morpho-functional maturation of brain structures, which continues throughout the entire period of schooling, the properties of the main nervous processes develop unevenly. The properties of the main nervous processes are genetically determined, so longterm training of the nervous processes can change the state of the nervous system. Properties of the nervous system play an important role in the manifestations of behavioral reactions of people. The main diagnostic criterion is the ability to learn, and its solution requires a special complex methodology, which is characterized by context, uniformity, has well-developed instructions, a key to data interpretation, and most importantly – adapted to the age, physical and personal characteristics of each child with cerebral disorders.